We open up this chapter giving the context of those within the story. So far, within the introduction, we have three main characters. We have a man named Elkanah. It also gives his lineage. This is important for several reasons. The first being that during this time, the Hebrew nation was bound together by heritage, and this at times could determine your role within the community. The lineage of Elkanah was the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite. Heritage could give you status which determined your trade, wealth, respect in the community, and who you can choose for your wive(s). But other than the first two verses that is not much said about the man. He is a supporting character within this particular story.
Then we see the other characters, the wives of Elkanah, one was named Hannah and the other Peninnah. The only description when the scene opens up is that Peninnah had children and Hannah had none. That was the only thing that defined them in this period. Where they did what society saw as their job and provided heirs for their husbands. Imagine having to walk around, and the community around you only saw what you couldn’t do verses the amazing person you are. Hannah had to share a husband with someone who was everything she wanted to be, a mother. Because of her culture and setting, that was everything to her, to be a mother.
- Elkanah Relationship to his wives v4-5
Verses 4-5 tell us about the relationship that Elkanah had with his two wives. In a family dynamic that is much different than most of ours, we see a difference in how Elkanah treats his two wives. This is shown through the giving of sacrificial offerings to the wives. The offerings served as a cleansing ritual within the Hebrew Nation. For Peninnah, he gave the portion needed for her and her children. It says in verse four that he gave for all her children, her sons, and daughters. He made sure that they were taken care of spiritually. During this period, the father of the house would sacrifice for the sins of his whole family. But he also provided for them in terms of needs such as food, water, shelter. He was there for them and was a part of that family unit.
In verse 5, it says that he gave a double portion to Hannah because he loved her and because her womb was closed. That has so much to unpack in this one verse. First, we see that he has given her more than she needed. Much like God outpours His Blessings upon us. As the church is the Bride of Christ, we are loved, cherished, and taken care of through Christ’s sacrifice on the cross.
But then we see the second part of the verse ‘, and the Lord has closed her womb.’ This carries such much from Elkanahs perspective. He may have hurt with her knowing how important that was desire was for her to have children. But he may also have asked God to forgive her for not having any children. Due to little to no medical understanding of how reproduction worked, it was believed to be the women’s fault. If she couldn’t be blessed with children, she must have sinned greatly against God. Maybe her husband was afraid he could not atone for her sin. That is also why the community would have had reservations about her.
- The Wives relationship to each other v6-7
Because there are three people involved in this relationship, we also need to look at how the wives interact to get a complete background understanding of the story. Verse 6 addresses Peninnah as Hannah’s rival. That’s a harsh word to use about someone you are tied to and have to do life with. But I could see why that word would be used. The other has what they want. Hannah being Elkanah’s love and being cherished by him even though she cannot give him kids.
But Peninnah has what Hannah desperately wants, children. Being a mother during this time is not just for the joy of being a parent of carrying on the family name by having sons, but because having children is having security. Under the law, as you get older, your children were required to take care of you. They were your retirement, your 401K, and they were the separator between you and poverty. This is especially true if your husband dies. They not only gave you a support system, but marrying daughters off gave you a dowry and having sons meant you could live with them. Hannah was not just afraid of society’s thoughts about her but also her fear of becoming a beggar to survive.
- The love from Elkanah to Hannah v8
In verse 8, we see how deeply Hannah struggles with the desire to have children and the *current lack of ability to have children. V8: ‘Her husband Elkanah would say to her, “Hannah, why are you weeping? Why don’t you eat? Why are you downhearted? Don’t I mean more to you than ten sons?’ Hannah is deep in depression and feels consumed by her desires not being met and the anxiety that comes with the future. She is so afraid of the future that she is losing the present. I have been there myself; depression, anxiety, and mental health struggles are authentic and valid. We must reach out in times of need to our support systems and, if needed, see a professional. Please call 1-800-273-8255 if you are experiencing a mental health emergency.
On the other side of that coin, we should actively ensure that we check in on those in our community, especially those who struggle with mental health, just as Elkanah did for Hannah. He asked what emotions she felt, if she had met her basic needs and why she hasn’t. He wants to sit with her in this time of hurt and help support her through it. Though his last question was not helpful to the situation due to his desire for validation during her time of need. He still made an effort to be there for her, as we all should.
Another member of the cast is added in verse 9 Eli, the high priest of the temple. Eli does not provide much to the story other than helping us understand the desperation of Hannah’s situation. He also takes Hannah’s request to God in verse 17. She cannot carry this issue alone. It is important to share our deepest prayer request with others and possibly leaders in your church or community. But this is only after Hannah decides to go to God for her issue. She decided that staying sediment in her depression would no longer work. So she got up after meeting her basic needs of food, and she went to church. She no longer turned to her own understanding but to God for wisdom, comfort, and help. We see that in v10-11
- Hannah’s promise to God v10-11
Hannah’s prayer in these two verses are considered a lament to God. A crying out from a place of pain and hurt. One where she is truly honest to God about her desires. She showed God her desires and promised that if he would give her the desire of her heart, she would give it back to God. By saying a razor would never touch his head, she was saying she would give her soon to the priesthood. Once he was old enough, she will place him in a school where he will live there and be trained in Hebrew scripture. We can also proclaim that we will give it back to God but, this also doesn’t mean that God will grant it to us. No matter how badly we want it or how good we think it would be for us.
- Hannah’s prayer is answered v19-20
But thankfully, for the purpose of this story, we see that God answered Hannah’s prayer and was blessed with a son. Someone with who she can connect and grow. Someone to pass on her wisdom to, someone to take care of her in her old age. She no longer had to worry as much about the future because she has fulfilled a considerable uncertainty in her future, her security. Now we see the next step.
- Hannah prepares Samuel (her gift) v21-23
We transition into seeing Hannah as a mother and her desire to do all that she can for her child. She wants to make sure he will be as healthy as possible she desires to wait until he is weaned. In this period, along with the geographic location, most children weren’t weaned until 3 or 4 years old due to the lack of clean drinking water.
But another reason I believe Hannah was not ready to take Samuel out for their yearly sacrifice is that it is a reminder that one day she will take him to the temple to leave him there. It would be hard to give your child to someone else for the rest of their life, even if it was for the glory of God. She wanted to savor every precious moment she had with her baby boy. Thankfully her husband supported her in this as well. The family structure during this period was often the father made the majority of the decisions with the mother having little to no say so in the matters of the children. We all need to make an effort to support and hear out those in our lives so that we may understand where they are coming from.
- Hannah thanks Eli for helping her pray v24-25
We see the most heartbreaking moment in Hannah’s life. The moment that she gave her baby, her gift back to God. When she sees Eli again with her baby in hand, I’m sure that was a blessing for Eli as well. He got to be a part of the fruits of his prayer. So often in life, we will never see the fruit of our prayers or the fruit of our labors. But we must remember that our efforts are not in vain, even when we don’t see it.
- Hannah gave her gift back to God v 26-28
I’m sure with pride in her heart and tears streaming down her face, and she gave the baby to Eli so that we may be raised under God in the temple. She brought a sacrifice, An ephah of flour (Probably about 36 pounds or about 16 kilograms), and a skin of wine along with him. She wanted to make sure that he was cleansed under the law and supplies for them to feed him. She wanted to make sure his basic needs were meet until he was settled in. She would still be taking care of her baby even after she had left.
But we don’t have to have a child that we desperately prayed for to give it back to God. We can give all that we have. Sure we must raise the young one in our life in the way of God. Even if it just by being an example of how we should reflect Christ in our lives. But you can give your education, job, hobbies, passions, time, money, everything you have you can give it back to God even if it is in some small way.
Because the truth is, God made it all anyway and is letting us borrow it for a short time. If we live life with the concept that nothing is ours so we must enjoy every moment with it; we will live a life of gratitude and have a better ability to live in the moment.
Happy Mother’s Day to all the women who have had a hand in helping raise us. May we adore them, be like them, and raise more of them.